由國務(wù)院總理在每年的全國人民代表大會(huì)年度例會(huì)上所作的《政府工作報(bào)告》重點(diǎn)涉及的是當(dāng)前的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中的熱點(diǎn)問題和焦點(diǎn)問題,其中國特征十分鮮明,因此,這些熱點(diǎn)詞語的英語譯文難免帶上濃烈的中國印記。在過去很長一段時(shí)間內(nèi),這種熱點(diǎn)詞語的翻譯往往會(huì)牽扯到“中式英語”(Chinese English或Chinglish)和“中國英語”(China English)之爭。經(jīng)過許多年的探討,目前學(xué)術(shù)界對于這兩個(gè)名稱的區(qū)別已經(jīng)基本取得一致意見。所謂“中式英語”指的是根據(jù)漢語思維和漢語表達(dá)方式說出的英語,其語法很有可能是合格或基本合格的,但是其表達(dá)形式和表達(dá)習(xí)慣卻并非是英語所能接受的。而“中國英語”指的是英語作為全球化語言在全世界的發(fā)展過程中造就的地域變體之一,是以規(guī)范英語為基礎(chǔ)的,是英語與中國特殊的社會(huì)文化相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物。在我國的對外傳播工作中,中國英語是不可避免的客觀存在,離開了中國英語,我們的對外傳播工作就難以展開。積極地學(xué)習(xí)和了解我國社會(huì)與經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和發(fā)展中的一些熱點(diǎn)詞語的英語表達(dá),有利于我國更好地在國際舞臺上宣傳自己。為此,本文再次整理了溫總理在今年的十一屆全國人大三次會(huì)議上所作的政府工作報(bào)告中的部分熱點(diǎn)詞匯和中國特色詞匯的英語表達(dá)。
1.中央財(cái)政支出 central government spending
2.農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育 rural compulsory education
3.義務(wù)教育階段教師績效工資制度 performance-based pay system for compulsory education teachers
4.中等職業(yè)學(xué)校 secondary vocational schools
5.農(nóng)村家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生 rural students whose families have financial difficulties
6.國家助學(xué)制度 national student financial aid system
7.醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生事業(yè)改革發(fā)展 the reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare fields
8.醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)參保 subscribe to basic medical insurance
9.新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度 the new type of rural cooperative medical care system
10.基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu) primary-level medical and health care institutions
11.鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)中心衛(wèi)生院 township central hospitals
12.社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心 community health service centers
13.乙肝疫苗接種 vaccinations against hepatitis B
14.維護(hù)社會(huì)正常秩序 maintain normal order in society
15.在國際金融危機(jī)嚴(yán)重沖擊、世界經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)增長的背景下 against the backdrop of the severe impact of the global financial crisis and the negative growth of the world economy
16.統(tǒng)攬全局 overall planning
17.貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀 apply/implement the Scientific Outlook on Development
18.運(yùn)用市場機(jī)制和宏觀調(diào)控 make use of both market mechanisms and macro-control
19.發(fā)揮市場配置資源基礎(chǔ)性作用 let market forces play their basic role in allocating resources
20.激發(fā)市場活力 stimulate the market's vitality
21.注重標(biāo)本兼治 address both the symptoms and root causes of problems
22.?dāng)U大內(nèi)需 boost domestic demand
23.實(shí)行互利共贏的開放戰(zhàn)略 adhere to the win-win strategy of opening up
24.內(nèi)需外需協(xié)調(diào)拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長 domestic demand and foreign demand drive economic growth in concert
25.改善民生 improve people's wellbeing
26.維護(hù)公平正義 safeguard fairness and justice
27.共享改革發(fā)展成果 share in the fruits of reform and development
28.促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定 promote social harmony and stability
29.堅(jiān)持中國特色社會(huì)主義道路 keep to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics
30.保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展 maintain steady and rapid economic development
31.加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式 accelerate the transformation of the pattern of economic development
32.經(jīng)濟(jì)回升向好 economic turnaround
33.自主創(chuàng)新能力 independent innovation capability
34.產(chǎn)能過剩 excess production capacity
35.結(jié)構(gòu)性用工短缺 structural shortage of labor
36.增強(qiáng)憂患意識 strengthen our awareness of potential dangers
37.牢牢把握工作的主動(dòng)權(quán) firmly keep the initiative in our work
38.加快全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)進(jìn)程 pick up the pace of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects
39.控制城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率在……%以內(nèi) keep the urban registered unemployment rate no higher than ...%
40.價(jià)格變動(dòng)的翹尾因素 the carry-over effects of price changes
41.國際大宗商品 major international commodities
42.國內(nèi)貨幣信貸增長 domestic supplies of money and credit
43.居民對漲價(jià)的承受能力 consumers' ability to bear price increases
44.資源環(huán)境稅費(fèi) resource and environment taxes and fees
45.積極的財(cái)政政策 a proactive fiscal policy
46.適度寬松的貨幣政策 a moderately easy monetary policy
47.通脹預(yù)期 inflation expectations
48.穩(wěn)定物價(jià)總水平 keep the overall level of prices stable
49.保持適度的財(cái)政赤字和國債規(guī)模 keep the deficit and government bonds at appropriate levels
50.地方財(cái)政預(yù)算 local government budgets
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溫總理政府工作報(bào)告熱點(diǎn)詞語英譯欣賞(二)
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關(guān)注“低碳生活”,學(xué)習(xí)英語表達(dá)
(作者王銀泉 中國日報(bào)網(wǎng)英語點(diǎn)津 編輯陳丹妮)