| The venerable 20-volume Oxford English Dictionary contains about 700,000 words, but the editors recently realized they were missing one: Doh! The cartoon character Homer Simpson's forehead-smacking lament is one of some 250 entries being added today to the dictionary, which is widely considered the leading authority on the English language. "Doh" is now defined as "Expressing frustration at the realization that things have turned out badly or not as planned, or that one has just said or done something foolish," according to the new entry in the dictionary. The Simpsons only popularized the term; it was actually used extensively in the 1950s, the OED found. Although it is often spelled "D'oh," the dictionary chose to omit the apostrophe. Other newcomers to the dictionary include cheesy, which means second-rate or inferior; six-pack, meaning rippling abdominal muscles, and Bollywood, which refers to the Hindi film industry based in Bombay, India. "We'll have terms from immuno-biology to gangster rap," says Jesse Sheidlower, who is head of the project for North America. The OED's staff of 50 editors is wading through popular culture looking for new words and usages that merit an entry, as part of its 8-year-old million updating project. It is the first complete revision of the dictionary since it was completed in 1928. "The principle way we [get new entries] is to have readers look around the world for things that seem new or significant," says John Simpson, chief editor of the OED. Contributors have included a Nobel laureate and an inmate at an insane asylum, among thousands of others. "We have about 200,000 example sentences coming into the department each year." Simpson (John, not Homer) and his colleagues whittle that list down to the few that seem to have gotten a solid foothold in popular usage. He says his job also gives him an excuse to watch a lot of action films, soap operas and quiz shows, to look for more new terms. "Many terms are much older than you think they are," says Sheidlower. "Phat," for example, makes its debut in the OED today as a slang term meaning cool. But it has been African-American slang since at least the 1960s, OED researchers found. The word even appeared with its present meaning in Time magazine in 1963. The dictionary contains some surprises for people who think they are using the latest, cutting-edge jargon. (Agencies) | 古老莊嚴(yán)的《牛津英文詞典》（20卷）收錄了約700，000單詞。不過(guò)最近詞典的編撰者發(fā)現(xiàn)漏掉了一個(gè)單詞：Doh! 這個(gè)單詞本是卡通人物荷馬-辛普森拍腦門表達(dá)悔恨之情的口頭禪，如今已經(jīng)成為詞典最新補(bǔ)充收錄的250個(gè)新單詞之一。要知道《牛津英文詞典》可是英語(yǔ)世界最具權(quán)威的詞典。 詞典對(duì) "Doh"所做的解釋是："表達(dá)當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)事情朝壞的、不隨人意的方向發(fā)展或某人說(shuō)了傻話、做了蠢事時(shí)的情緒"（ "Expressing frustration at the realization that things have turned out badly or not as planned, or that one has just said or done something foolish"）。 其實(shí)這個(gè)單詞早在20世紀(jì)50年代就已經(jīng)形成并被使用，直到辛普森把它當(dāng)成口頭禪， 才使"Doh"變得家喻戶曉。 這次被收錄的新詞還包括 "cheesy" 二流的、低級(jí)的； "six-pack"，意思是腹部打褶的肌肉； "Bollywood", 指位于印度孟買的印度電影業(yè)中心。 新詞收錄項(xiàng)目北美區(qū)負(fù)責(zé)人杰西-謝德羅爾說(shuō)："我們要收錄的新詞從免疫生物學(xué)到匪徒臟話無(wú)所不包。" 《牛津英文詞典》的50名編輯正在試圖從流行文化中搜尋有收編價(jià)值的詞匯和用法。這項(xiàng)工程是為期8年、耗資5,500萬(wàn)美元的詞匯更新項(xiàng)目的一部分,也是該詞典于1928年編纂完畢后的第一次完整的修訂。 《牛津英文詞典》總編約翰-辛普森說(shuō)："我們收集新詞的原則是讓我們的讀者關(guān)注世界上任何新的、有意義的事物。" 成千上萬(wàn)名投稿人中包括一名諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主和一名瘋?cè)嗽豪锏牟∪恕?/p> 辛普森先生說(shuō)："我們每年收到約200，000個(gè)例句。" 約翰-辛普森和他的同事們把眾多的例句中篩選出在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中最禁得住推敲的句子。據(jù)稱他為推敲這些新詞觀看了大量的動(dòng)作片、肥皂劇和智力測(cè)驗(yàn)節(jié)目，真是工作娛樂(lè)兩不誤。 謝德羅爾說(shuō)："一些詞匯的歷史比人們想象的要長(zhǎng)得多。" 以"Phat"為例，"Phat"直到今天才被《牛津英文詞典》作為一個(gè)俚語(yǔ)收錄進(jìn)來(lái)，意思是"很酷"。而詞典的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，至少在20世紀(jì)60年代，這個(gè)詞就在非洲裔美國(guó)人當(dāng)中作為俚語(yǔ)使用。當(dāng)它在1963年出現(xiàn)在《時(shí)代》雜志上的時(shí)候，它的意思就和現(xiàn)在一樣。 因此，《牛津英文詞典》使那些自認(rèn)為一直在使用最新、最時(shí)髦的詞匯得人們著實(shí)吃了一驚。 (中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)站譯) |
Updated: 2001-06-23 01:00
