一周熱詞榜（12.10-16）

一周新聞熱詞榜，一網(wǎng)打盡trending news。CHINADAILY手機(jī)報(bào)新一期熱詞榜發(fā)榜啦！

本周的新聞熱詞有：

1.我國(guó)將全面推行'河長(zhǎng)制'

2.多地迎來(lái)今冬'最重霧霾'

3.'春運(yùn)火車票'已正式開售

4.銀聯(lián)推'二維碼支付'標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

5.京'校園霸凌'事件引關(guān)注

6.美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)宣布'加息'25基點(diǎn)

1. 河長(zhǎng)制
river chief system

請(qǐng)看例句：

The general offices of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council have jointly issued a document to implement a river chief system nationwide.
中共中央辦公廳、國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳近日聯(lián)合下發(fā)了關(guān)于在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)推行河長(zhǎng)制的文件。

中辦、國(guó)辦11日正式公布《關(guān)于全面推行河長(zhǎng)制的意見》，提出在全國(guó)江河湖泊(rivers and lakes)推行"河長(zhǎng)制(river chief/keeper system)"，到2018年年底前全面建立河長(zhǎng)制。根據(jù)《意見》，我國(guó)將全面建立省、市、縣、鄉(xiāng)四級(jí)河長(zhǎng)體系(establish provincial, municipal, and county- and township-level river chief systems)，并任命地方各級(jí)政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)為河長(zhǎng)(appoint heads of local government at various levels as river chiefs)。各省(自治區(qū)、直轄市)需任命省級(jí)政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)為總河長(zhǎng)(each province, autonomous region and municipality should appoint its government head as its general river chief)；市長(zhǎng)和縣長(zhǎng)應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)行政區(qū)域(administrative region)內(nèi)水資源的保護(hù)。

各級(jí)河長(zhǎng)(river chief)是河湖管護(hù)(management and protection of rivers and lakes)的第一責(zé)任人。各級(jí)河長(zhǎng)的主要任務(wù)包括：加強(qiáng)水資源保護(hù)(water resource protection)、加強(qiáng)河湖水域岸線管理保護(hù)(shoreline management and protection)、加強(qiáng)水污染防治(water pollution prevention and control)、加強(qiáng)水環(huán)境治理(water environment management)、加強(qiáng)水生態(tài)修復(fù)(ecological restoration)以及加強(qiáng)執(zhí)法監(jiān)管(law enforcement monitoring)。

根據(jù)《意見》，河長(zhǎng)的工作表現(xiàn)(job performance)將接受考核，負(fù)責(zé)的水體出現(xiàn)環(huán)境損害的，將被問(wèn)責(zé)(they will be held accountable if environmental damage occurs in the waters they take charge of)。各省(自治區(qū)、直轄市)黨委和政府(Party committee and government)要在每年1月底前將上年度的貫徹落實(shí)情況上報(bào)。

[相關(guān)詞匯]

河流污染 river pollution

水污染 water contamination

水質(zhì)檢測(cè) water quality test

河道 watercourse

非法排污 illegal discharge of pollutants

政績(jī) political performance

公眾監(jiān)督 public supervision

2. 最重霧霾
most severe smog

請(qǐng)看例句：

Beijing has issued its first air pollution red alert of the year, as the most severe smog since autumn is set to start on Friday night and last for five days.
隨著入秋以來(lái)最重霧霾的來(lái)襲，北京發(fā)布了今年首個(gè)空氣污染紅色預(yù)警。此次霧霾天氣將從16日晚開始，持續(xù)5天。

據(jù)北京市環(huán)保局消息，北京將于16日20時(shí)啟動(dòng)空氣重污染紅色預(yù)警(the red alert for heavy air pollution will take effect from 8 pm Friday)。16日至21日紅警啟動(dòng)期間，國(guó)Ⅰ、國(guó)Ⅱ排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)機(jī)動(dòng)車(cars with National I and II emission standards)禁止上路行駛，國(guó)Ⅲ及以上機(jī)動(dòng)車單雙號(hào)行駛(be allowed to drive on alternate days based on an odd-or-even license plate rule)；機(jī)動(dòng)車違反上述規(guī)定的，將被處以100元罰款(be fined RMB100)。目前，北京及天津政府已發(fā)出通知，要求關(guān)閉建筑工地(shut down construction sites)并建議部分工廠停工、學(xué)校停課(schools are advised to suspend classes)。自21日夜間起空氣質(zhì)量預(yù)計(jì)將有所改善(air quality is expected to improve)，屆時(shí)將根據(jù)空氣質(zhì)量實(shí)況及預(yù)報(bào)適時(shí)解除預(yù)警。

環(huán)保部(the Ministry of Environmental Protection)還向天津市、河北省、山西省、山東省、河南省人民政府發(fā)函，通報(bào)空氣質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)報(bào)信息(air quality forecasts)，提出預(yù)警提示建議。除北京市外，京津冀周邊20余城市也已相繼發(fā)布紅警(more than 20 cities around the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region have also issued red alerts)，9城市發(fā)布橙色預(yù)警(orange alert)。環(huán)保部將派出13個(gè)督查組(inspection teams)，就地方政府是否采取適當(dāng)措施開展督查(check whether local governments have taken appropriate measures)。此外，環(huán)保部還將嚴(yán)厲打擊企業(yè)超標(biāo)排放等違法行為，加大重點(diǎn)企業(yè)及燃煤設(shè)施的監(jiān)督檢查力度，落實(shí)機(jī)動(dòng)車限行(traffic restriction)等措施，保障各項(xiàng)應(yīng)對(duì)措施落實(shí)到位。

[相關(guān)詞匯]

碳排放 carbon emission

空氣末日 airpocalypse

國(guó)家安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn) national safety level

交通擁堵 traffic jam/congestion

空氣凈化器 air purifier

空氣過(guò)濾口罩 air filtration face mask

3. 春運(yùn)火車票
train tickets for the Spring Festival travel rush

請(qǐng)看例句：

Train tickets for the first day of the Spring Festival travel rush went on sale Thursday.
15日，春運(yùn)首日火車票開始銷售。

我國(guó)一年一度的春運(yùn)(the annual Spring Festival travel rush)被譽(yù)為世界最大規(guī)模人口遷徙(the world's largest human migration)。春運(yùn)從2017年1月13日起至2月21日止，共40天，是自2013年以來(lái)啟動(dòng)最早的一次春運(yùn)。同時(shí)受鐵路新線調(diào)圖影響，網(wǎng)購(gòu)火車票預(yù)售期(pre-sale period)從60天調(diào)整為30天，車站售票窗口(ticket booth)、代售點(diǎn)(ticket agency)、自動(dòng)售票機(jī)(automatic ticket vending machine)預(yù)售期由58天調(diào)整為28天。本月15日起，2017年春運(yùn)火車票(train tickets for the Spring Festival travel rush)啟動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和電話預(yù)售。按現(xiàn)行預(yù)售期計(jì)算，除夕(1月27日)車票將在本月29日開售(go on sale)。

中國(guó)鐵路總公司(China Railway Corporation)預(yù)計(jì)，2017年春運(yùn)中國(guó)鐵路預(yù)計(jì)發(fā)送旅客3.56億人次(the country's rail network will handle 356m journeys during the travel rush)，同比增加3156萬(wàn)人次，增幅達(dá)9.7%。春運(yùn)期間，全國(guó)鐵路計(jì)劃增開旅客列車(passenger train)以應(yīng)對(duì)增加的客流量，并將簡(jiǎn)化購(gòu)票流程(simplify ticket purchase procedures)以提升服務(wù)。通過(guò)官方購(gòu)票網(wǎng)站(official ticket purchasing website)12306.cn購(gòu)票，近六成車票購(gòu)買時(shí)不再需要輸入驗(yàn)證碼(verification code)。

12306手機(jī)客戶端也在本月初進(jìn)行了更新升級(jí)，客戶端首頁(yè)置頂了四大服務(wù)：查詢列車正晚點(diǎn)信息(check if the trains are on schedule)、溫馨服務(wù)、查詢?nèi)珖?guó)各地火車站的車票起售時(shí)間(check the start of tickets pre-sale period in all railway stations across the country)和約車(car hailing)。溫馨服務(wù)的服務(wù)類型包括重點(diǎn)旅客預(yù)約(VIP passenger reservation service)、遺失物品查找(lost and found)、質(zhì)量服務(wù)投訴(complaints about service quality)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)票(buy/purchase tickets online)投訴、建議及客服(customer service)電話查詢。

[相關(guān)詞匯]

自助進(jìn)站通道 self-service check-in lane

訂票取票 ticket booking and pickup

囤票 hoard tickets

臨客列車 temporary train

售票詐騙 ticket sale fraud

倒票 ticket scalping

黃牛 scalper